The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. Algeria three years after the arab spring iai istituto. In no arab spring for algeria, mohsin khan and karim mezran, senior fellows at the atlantic councils. No arab spring for algeria by mohsin khan and karim mezran atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east issuebrief. Algeria is an important regional power for the united states and europe in north africa. The valdai discussion club was established in 2004. Satellite view the pearl roundabout by night pearl towers overshadowing the demonstrators shiites praying, photo hh. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Oct 14, 2015 during the first and forgotten arab spring of 20045, algeria repeatedly came up in my interviews with muslim brotherhood leaders in egypt and jordan.
Arab spring, while the demands of protestors and revolutionaries were more mundane. And although riots did shake the country, they were contained swiftly and without bloodshed by a large, well trained, well equipped. The origin of this war was the territorial moroccan requests. Dubaitunis the armed forces of algeria and sudan, which pushed out the longserving rulers of those countries after mass protests, are following a script that has failed millions of arabs since the 2011 uprisings. Le seuer, algeria three years after the arab spring, the german marshall fund of the united states, mediterranean paper series, january 2014. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the middle east known as the arab spring. In late february 2012, algeria s major islamist parties announced a coalition ahead of parliamentary elections. In early 2011, most pundits expected that algeriaplagued by corruption, nepotism, deteriorating socioeconomic conditions, restricted freedoms, housing shortages, and bad governancewould be the next country to face an arab spring uprising. The endgame is a series of films exploring the fall of the gaddafi regime from the perspective of those who helped to bring it down al jazeera tv the long road to tripoli. Algeria has to avoid arab spring, because if it did, it would have to the same thing as morocco. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. A superficial look at algeria may misleadingly put the country on a different level of democracy and freedom, but, only when compared to prearab spring tunisia. Many countries at this time displayed an imbalance between a relatively high economicgrowth. Meanwhile, tunisian mass demonstrations ultimately forced ben ali to flee, both marking the tunisian revolution of january 14 and debuting the arab spring.
However, since 2011, none of the seven land borders is stable and secure. Social unrest has also hit algerias southern saharan region because of a significant spike in electricity prices. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. Algeria, for example, the unemployment rate went from 19. Fear of return to violence of 1990s and alleged electoral fraud help keep the fln in. The situation began to change after world war ii, when, flush with vic. Dec 17, 2011 a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. From december of 2010 to january 2012 algeria took part in the arab spring. The protests had been inspired by similar protests across the middle east and north africa.
Aftermath of the arab spring in north africa by atlantic. Despite being the first country in the arab middle east to embark on a process of political reforms, algeria has thus far failed in its democratic transition. Those arab spring upheavals raised hopes of political and economic reforms in countries such as egypt, where the army watched patiently from the sidelines and then capitalised. That is make tamzight into an official language along with arabic. Pdf algeria three years after the arab spring daniela. Arab spring as a plague, which, he said, had resulted in the colonisation of iraq, the destruction of libya, the partition of sudan and the weakening of egypt 6. In order to reestablish the greater morocco, the monarchy demanded the. A year and a half into the arab spring, the algerian regime. May 29, 2014 a new atlantic council report warns that although the algerian government has effectively maintained the status quo and avoided its own arab spring, it risks future instability if it does not commit to serious political and economic reforms. Algeria versus the arab spring university of st andrews. Algeria was not directly affected by the regional storm in north africa, which destabilized tunisia and libya, with whom it shares long borders, and egypt. The arab spring and algerias exceptionalism scientific cooperations. Pdf algeria and the arab uprisings robert p parks academia. For a variety of reasons, only a small set of riots with no major incidents and no effect marked the historic moment of the arab spring in algeria.
Until 1962 the economy was based largely on agriculture and complemented frances economy. Pdf what accounts for continuing authoritarian success in the arab world today. It was named after lake valdai, which is located close to veliky novgorod, where the clubs first meeting took place. The reasons of arab spring arab spring was triggered by economic hardships and peoples democratic aspirations stepan and linz, 20. Regardless of algerias support for assad and its alliance with iran, the north african state has also managed to use the arab spring to improve its relationship with the us and uk. Algerians to go to polls in nation left behind by arab spring this article is more than 7 years old.
Financial pressures top every list of catalysts and causes of the arab spring, espeeially when cormption at the hands of the mling and social elite is added. A new atlantic council report warns that although the algerian government has effectively maintained the status quo and avoided its own arab spring, it risks future instability if it does not commit to serious political and economic reforms. The marking of these two major political turning points in algerian history, in the midst of regional turmoil, places algeria at the forefront of political speculations. Within this context, students will then learn about the arab spring through a powerpoint centered discussion, political cartoons, and a series of news articles. With libya, tunisia and egypt still struggling to get back on their feet, the secular dictatorship in algeria, perhaps the last in the region, has emerged as a. Amid the disasters routinely visited upon the region, algeria is an exception. With this, there is a possibility that protests could move to other arab countries as well, resembling the earlier arab spring. Disciplinary perspectives 2010 and editor of political civility in the middle east 2011. It would be fitting if algeria was to do it, because both the arabs and berbers fought to. Yet it would be difficult to find three more different countries than morocco, the conservative monarchy, revolutionary algeria, and moderate tunisiaparticularly in light of the arab spring of 2011.
A year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. The story of algeria epitomises the tragedy of women in revolutions. It is the only arab republic untouched by the arab spring of 20102011. The shifting foundations of political islam in algeria carnegie. A leader of the movement of society for peace called for more opposition parties to join the alliance to give the best possible chance for the arab spring to happen in algeria as well. Algeria at the vanguard in the 1960s, a nation that inspired the entire world with its heroic revolutionary war against the french colonialists, paradoxically seemed preserved from these aspirations. Causes cited by the protesters included unemployment, the lack of housing, foodprice inflation, corruption, restrictions on freedom of speech and poor living conditions. Sudan, however, is not the only version of arab spring, part two. Algeria is the core of the maghreb and shares land borders with seven countries maghreb and sahel countries. The western media portrayed algeria as being at the margin of the arab spring, of being the exception. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following.
Algerias economy is dominated by its export trade in petroleum and natural gas, commodities that, despite fluctuations in world prices, annually contribute roughly onethird of the countrys gross domestic product gdp. Algeria, large, predominantly muslim country of north africa. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Algeria and the sahel in the arab spring aftermath youtube. The near absence of any support for the arab spring in algeria has not gone unnoticed by anyone watching the events unfold in the region. In algeria, a chill in the arab spring the washington post. Marxist circles and parties set up in the arab world with moscows help had little influence, and local liberation movements did not depend on the bolsheviks. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and. Algeria three years after the arab spring 1 foreword daniela huber a lgeria is an important regional power for the united states and europe in north africa. Although an integral part of the maghreb and the larger arab world, algeria also has a sizable amazigh berber population.
The clubs goal is to promote dialogue between russian and international intellectual elite, and to make an independent, unbiased scientific analysis of political, economic and social events in russia and the rest of the. Following the arab spring protests in 2011, north africa experienced one disruptive event after another, which spilled over into the sahel. The roots of democratic deficit in algeria, why the arab spring stopped at the border. Surrounded by the arab spring, algeria is celebrating both the fiftieth anniversary of its independence and the twentieth anniversary of the abrogation of its democratic process. Not only is algeria the eus third largest energy provider, with a value of 26. The 20102012 algerian protests was a series of protests taking place throughout algeria, lasting from 28 december 2010 to early 2012. In december 2010 and january 2011, algerians and tunisians took to the streets.
Unrest and uncertainty the big picture, the boston globes photoblog. It would be fitting if algeria was to do it, because both the arabs and berbers fought to get the french out. The military in algeria removed their aged president on april 2 following widespread protests that began in february. Most of the population resides along the mediterranean coast, while the sahara and its extreme climate dominate the country. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. We al jazeera tv follow a group of libyan exiles as they sacrifice everything to return home for the final assault on tripoli. Tunisias dictator fell and the country held elections. Oilrich during the arab spring, the government was able to quiet dissent during the 20102012 protests with increased spending. The first would be the countries where the arab spring sounded the death knell for regimes deemed immovable tunisia.
Information about the openaccess article algeria post arab spring. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. Atlantic council 3 issue brief aftermath o the arab spring in orth africa slipped somewhat below the average over the previous decade to 3. Arab spring comes later in sudan and algeria jordan times. In 2011, the first waves of the socalled arab spring exploded in tunisia, followed by a major crisis in libya, in which the ruling regime fell. Tunisia and the arab spring overview nc essential standards. Algeria versus the arab spring frederic volpi frederic volpi is senior lecturer in the school of international rela tions of the university of saint andrews scotland.
The forced virtualisation of the borders journal of mediterranean knowledgejmk, 2016, 11, 2743 issn. Images of the arab spring in bahrain images found on weblogs, featuring the pearl roundabout, symbol of the demonstrations in february and march 2011. Algerians to go to polls in nation left behind by arab spring. The recent protests in algeria and sudan have entered a critical phase in which protesters and militaries are at a standoff. Algeria versus the arab spring frederic volpi journal of democracy, volume 24, number 3, july 20, pp. Algeria and the impact of the arab spring february 20, 2012 by kcarwile14 although the algerian government was not overthrown in the arab spring, and remains in place today, the country was greatly impacted by this time of demonstrations and revolutions. Apr 18, 2019 sudan, however, is not the only version of arab spring, part two.
Algerias retreat from fullscale revolt is key to calculations of just how broadly the historic uprisings sweeping the arab world might. In the february 1, 2016, issue of the weekly standard, john schindler and i. History, culture and geography have set north africa apart from the rest of the arab and mediterranean worlds. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government. Tunisia and the arab spring overview students begin this lesson by discussing the concept of freedom and the attributes of countries that embrace or deny freedom.
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